PN 4130 
.T6 
1855 
Copy 1 



THE GRADUAL READER. 




FIRST STEP, 

OR 

EXERCISES IN ARTICULATION; 

DESIGNED TO DEVELOP AND STRENGTHEN THE 

ORGANS OF SPEECH, 

AND TO FACILITATE THE CORRECT UTTERANCE OF THE 

ELEMENTARY SOUNDS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS. 

PUBLISHED WITHOUT THE READING LESSONS, 

AT THE REQUEST OF TEACHERS, 

FOR THE USE OF 

PUPILS IN THE HIGHER CLASSES. 



By DAVID B TOWER, A.M. 

Principal of the Pennsylvania Insli'Jtion for the Instruction of the Blind ; 
late Principal of th_ Eliot Grammar School, Boston. 



NEW f TORK: 
PUBLISHED BY DANIEL BUEGESS & CO., 

(LATE CADY <fc BURGESS.) 

60 JOHN-STREET. 

i 



J LIBRARY OF CONGRESS ,1 

# # 

f [SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT.] f 

J UNITED STATES 0^ AMERICA. | 



\y 



FIRST STEP, 



/ 



EXERCISES IN ARTICULATION; 

DESIGNED TO DEVELOP AND STRENGTHEN THE 

ORGANS OF SPEECH, 

AND TO FACILITATE THE CORRECT UTTERANCE OF THE 

ELEMENTARY SOUNDS AND THEIR COMBINATIONS. 

PUBLISHED 

AT THE REQUEST OF TEACHERS. 



DAVID B^ TO 



By DAVID BfTOWER, A. M. 

PRINCIPAL OF THE PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF THE BLrNT* \ 
LATE PRINCIPAL OF THK ELIOT GRAMMAR SCHOOL, BOSTON. 

NEW YORK: 

PUBLISHED BY DANIEL BURGESS & CO 
1855. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1841, by David B. Towhh, 
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. 



New Edition, entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853, by 
David B. Tower, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District 
of Massachusetts 



STEREOTYPED AT THE 
BOSTON STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY. 



EXERCISES 

^> IN 

|" AETICULATION 

i 



m 

,> 



ti 



ELEMENTAEY SOUNDS. 

[The following Exercises, designed to train the vocal and enunciative 
organs, should be practised till the pupil can utter the Elementary 
Sounds correctly. First, let him utter the word which is given for an 
example; next, the element italicized in that word; then, alternately, 
the words, and the elementary sound of the italic lettei'S in the words, 
when not silent ; and lastly, the sentences, solely with reference to cor- 
rect articulation of the Elementary Sound.! 



Exercise 1. a, marked a or a. 

The letters in italics have the sound of a, as heard 
in ale : age, name, gale, late, aim, straight, jail, daily, 
raiment, display, array, obey, they, whey, conveyance, 
freight, inveigh, feint, sleigh, skein, neighbor, gauge, 
gaol, great, ere. 

So stately her bearing, so proud her array, the 
main she will traverse forever and aye. He gave to 
the gale his snow-white sail. Our age is but a shade, 
our life a tale. . The earth is veiled in shades of night. 

Exercise 2. e, marked e or e. 

The letters in italics have the sound of e, as heard 
in me : epitome, tea, bereave, streamer, release, bohea, 
deceit, leisure, ceiling, receipt, redeem, agree, razee, 
I * ft) 



6 ELEMENTARY SOUNDS 

jubilee, key, grief, relieve, siege, pier, cashier, pique, 
shire, marine, police, mandarin, ravine, people, quay, 
mien. 

Swift instinct leaps ; slow reason feebly climbs. 
There pleasing streams with crystal murmurs creep. 
From each terrestrial bondage set me free. O teach 
me to elude each latent snare. 

Exercise 3. i, marked i or I, and f, voioei. 

The letters in italics have the sound of i, as heard 
in time : mine, idle, repine, benign, lie, tied, type, 
deny, rhyme, pyre, prosek/te, height, sleight, buy, 
guide, aisle, rye. 

The primal duties shine aloft, like stars. Strike, 
for the sires who left you free. The sounding aisles 
of the dim woods rang. For life, for life, their flight 
they ply. Bright as the light of a good man's smile. 

Exercise 4. o, marked 6 or 6. 

The letters in italics have the sound of o, as in 
ode : no, roll, dome, console, zero, tone, door, oak, 
boat, approach, heroes, hoe, four, dough, moulder, 
resource, snoia, window, own, beau, bureau, flambeau, 
portmanteau, shew, sew, yeoman. 

Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean, roll. There 
is a raptuVe on the lonely shore. The freed soul soars 
to its home on high. The lowing herd wind skwly 
o'er the lea. 

Exercise 5. u, marked u or u, and w^voivel. 

The letters in italics have the sound of u, as in 
cwbe : tube, lute, tune, refwte, blue, residue, value, hue, 
suit, sluice, new, sinew, vieiv, adieu, purlieu, feud, 
eulogy, ewphony, beauty. 

The kindling azwre is ilh/med with flz/id gold. 



OF THE VOWELS. / 

There is rrmsic in the deep blue sky. Adieu to thee, 
fair Rhine! a vain adieu! Thy hand imhuea the 
clouds with all pzn*e tints. 

Exercise 6. a, marked a or a. 

The letters in italics have the sound of a, as in 
far: bar, alms, palm, ah, father, bath, dart, psalm, 
aunt, lawgh, launch, heart, hearth, hearken, gward. 

The calm shade shall bring a kindred calm, and 
the sweet breeze shall waft a balm to thy sick heart. 
At intervals the voice of psalms is heard. The 
harp's silver tone on the far breeze is borne. 

Exercise 7. a^marked a or a. 

The letters in italics have the sound of a, as in 
mat: at, and, man, mammoth, lamp, back, has, began. 

The good man has perpetual Sabbath. They 
were plaided and plumed in their tartan array. Their 
voice in battle shall be heard no more. Nor doth 
remain a shadow of man's ravage, save his own. 

Exercise 8. e, marked e or e. 

The letters in italics have the sound of e, as in 
met: let, end, well, tent, head, realm, heaven, peas- 
ant, steady, endeavor, said, saith, again, maintain, 
sagfs, friend, Jeopard, guess, any, many, bury. 

Chill penury repressed their noble rage. The long- 
remembered beggar was his guest. Still let my 
steady soul thy goodness see. Thence the bright 
spirit's eloquence hath fled. And soon from guest to 
guest the panic spread. 

Exercise 9. i, marked i or i, and y, vowel. 

The letters in italics have the sound of f, as in pin : 
if, intend, timid, rich, fountain, captain, mountain, 



y ELEMENTARY SOUNDS 

forfeit, surfeit, biscuit, conduit, guilt, been, sieve, lyr- 
ical, mystery, carriage, busy, business. 

From cliff to cliff the smoking torrents shine. So 
flourishes and fades majestic man. The wildered 
fancy dreams of sporting fountains. There is he 
lost 'midst heaven's high mysteries.. The sick earth 
groans with man's iniquities. Some kindred spirit 
shall inquire thy fate. 

Exercise 10. a and o, marked a, 6, a, 6, and a. 

The letters in italics have the sound of a, as in 
ball, or o in nor : all, water, walk, warm, bald, also, 
altar, orb, morn, scorn, absorb, storm, forlorn, da^b, 
fraud, author, awtumn, caught, baivble, awl, law, awe, 
hawthorn, yawn, broad, thought, besought, nought, 

Lonely was the hall, the tapestry fled the wall. 
Forward speeds the wild horse to thy falling waters. 
Of all that's holy, holiest is the good man's pall. 
Peace smiles on all they fought for. I have looked 
over the hills of the stormy north. I know of a land 
where there falls no blight. 

Exercise 11. o and w, marked 6 and u, or 6, u, 6. 
• 

The letters in italics have the sound of o, as in 

move, and of u in rale : prove, lose, tomb, ado, who, 

improve, true, rwral, fool, bloom, balloon, too, doom, 

growp, tour, surto^t, uncouth, accoutre, shoe, canoe, 

brwise, frait. 

The rule would prove him a consummate fool. I 
come to pluck your berries harsh and crude. Blows 
were our welcome, rude bmises our reward. Through 
the cool grove onward he moved. How gloomy and 
dim is the scowl of the heaven ! Dreadful is their 
doom, whom doubt has driven to censure fate. 



OF THE VOWELS. 9 

Exercise 12. u and o, marked u and 6, u, u. 

The letters in italics have the sound of u, as in 
bwll, and o in wolf: fwll, pwsh, pwll, cuckoo, worsted, 
cushion, footj wood, woollen, wowld, showld. 

Not for his delight the vernal cwckoo shouted. He 
stood behind a bwsh of elder. The foot of wolf 
could never thread this wood. Fwll many a flower 
is born to blush unseen. For his own good alone 
man should not toil. 

Exercise 13. and a, marked 6 or 6, a, a. 

The letters in italics have the sound of o, as in 
not, and a in wad : blot, stop, odd, observe, softly, was, 
what, swan, walnut, swap, squad, quality, quadruped, 
cowgh. 

The quality of mercy is not strained. Thou art 
gone, lone wandering, but not lost. He has gone 
where the eye cannot follow him. For, lo, what 
monsters in thy train appear ! 

Exercise 14. u, 0, marked u or ii, 6, 6. 

The letters in italics have the sound of u, as in tub, 
and o, as in come : up, run, dull, muff, nun, wndone, 
doth, love, nothing, none, front, shove, son, blood, 
towch, trouble, covetous, cowrage, pkws, flourish, 
cowsin, does, vicious, ocean, bellows. 

The swmmer gay droops into pallid autwmn. Even 
half a million gets him no other praise. The land 
they loved so well was bought with blood. Some 
fretful tempers wince at every towch. The world 
has much of strange and wonderful. 

Exercise 15. oi. oy. 

The letters in italics have the sound of oi, as in oil : 
soil, point, avoid, boiler, exploit, voice, boij, toy, annoy. 



10 ELEMENTARY SOUNDS 

No noise is heard around but thy majestic voice. 
Ambition scoffs at useful toil and homely joys. 
There are seats left void in your earthly homes. 
The spoilers had passed like the poison wind's 
breath. It is the voice of joy that murmurs deep. 
From a hoy I wantoned with thy breakers. 

Exercise 16. on, ow. 

The letters in italics have the sound of ow, as in 
sound : round, ounce, thou, loud, cloud, our, owl, yow, 
town, shower, alloi#. 

Faith looks beyond life's narrow hound. Thou 
didst wrap the cloud of infancy around me. The 
fierce w T olf prowls around thee now. The fox-howl 
is heard on the fell afar. How bowed the woods be- 
neath their sturdy stroke! Thy thunder's sound 
shakes the forum round and rownd. 



ELEMENTARY SOUNDS OF CONSONANTS. 

Exercise 17. b. 

The letters in italics have the sound of b, as in 
babe : mob, bane, ro&, abbot, bone, bib, sob, imbibe. 

Life may long be borne ere sorrow breaks its chains. 
Where bubbles the fount o'er its oebbly bed. The 
red &olt defying, right onward he feears. The butter- 
fly is glancing bright across the sun&eam's track. 
Dark glens beneath in shadowy fieauty sleep. 

Exercise 18. d. 

The letters in italics have the sound of d, as in 
did: deep, door dead, made, done, aid, indeed. 



«F THE CONSONANTS. 11 

80 waves the nightshade round the sceptic's head. 
Come, mariner, down in the deep with me. Death 
deals with all, of high or low degree. His days are 
spent in chaining down his heart. Deeds of dark- 
ness were done beneath the eye of day. 

Exercise 19. g. 

The letters in italics have the sound of g*, as in 
give : rag, gone, gate, gig, log-, gain, hag-, bog-. 

Life itself must g*o to him who gave it. Cive 
thanks to 67od, from whom all good gr>es forth. 
Here rest the great and gx)od in lowly graves. Go, 
get thee gone ; the world will hold us both. 

Exercise 20. k. 

The letters in italics have the sound of A, as in 
Aat: Aall, Aope, Aeavy, Aorse, Aome, Aead, Aelp, be- 
hind. 

Teach me to fix my Aopes on Aigh. One morn 1 
missed Aim on the accustomed /all. jffere Aave I 
fled the city's stifling //eat. All eager, Ae fastened 
the scene to beAold. I Aeard — and the moral came 
Aome to my Aeart. 

Exercise 21. /. 

The letters in italics have the sound of /, as in a//: 
/ine, /et, a/e, lily, lull, /ive, loyal, lute, /one. 

The /owing herd wind s/ow/y o ? er the /ea. His 
/azy /imbs in /ist/ess /anguor /ay. A still sma// 
voice rose sweet/y on the ear. Its /one/y co/umns 
stand sub/ime. Lonely and lovely is the si/ent g/en. 

Exercise 22. m. 

The letters in italics have the sound of m, as in 
wan : aim, mammon, fame, wove, come, dim, met. 



12 ELEMENTARY SOUNDS 

With music I come from my balmy home. All 
men think all men mortal but themselves. Murmur- 
ing, mellow notes are mine. .Man, the hermit, sighed, 
till woman smiled. One minute of heaven is worth 
them all. Fools may admire, but men of sense 
approve. 

Exercise 23. n simple. 

The letters in italics have the sound of n, as in 
wot : wiwe, wever, suw, raw, ram, caw, ninny, nun. 

Pam wever wrung forth a peeper moaw. Then 
mine alowe be the winning tone. But crimsow now 
her rivers raw with human blood. To err is human; 
to forgive, diviwe. His name caw rouse wo feeling 
wow but scorw. 

Exercise 24. p. 

The letters in italics have the sound of p, as in 
pen : pine, top, pull, pop, pipe, apple, hope. 

Wave your tops, ye pines, in praise and w r orshi/). 
They repose in pillared piles and pyramids. Peace ! 
child of passion, peace! Pages stand mute by the 
canopied pall. O ! point my path to everlasting 
peace. 

Exercise 25. r rough when it precedes a vowel in the 
same syllable. 

The letters in italics have the sound of r, as in 
ripe : right, rang, rush, rope, red, river, rural. * 

The rocks are riven, and rifted oaks uptorn. .Rough 
winter rudely rends the robes of autumn. Thunder, 
rattling, roaring, rolls the woods around. We love 
thy rude and rocky shores. 

Exercise 26. r smooth when preceded by a vowel in the 
same syllable. 

The letters in italics have the sound of r, as in 
car: star, morn, far, warm, form, murmur, nrm. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 13 

The lark carols clear in yonder pure sphere. His 
cheek is irnpearled with a mother's warm tear. Hast 
thou a charm to stay the morning star in his steep 
course ? For them no more the blazing hearth 
shall burn. 

Exercise 27. v. 

The letters in italics have the sound of r, as in 
vine : row, life, sare, ririd, rale, rotire, prore. 

Wild winds and mad wares drire the vessel a 
wreck. A rapor dull bedims the wares so beautiful. 
Fast the ware of life is ebbing from our reins. Fine- 
clad rales are rocal with the rintage song. The 
liring rerel in thy light and lore. 



Exercise 28. w, consonant, like b shortened, and uttered 
abruptly. 

The letters in italics have the sound of w, as in 
trave : ivind, wood, zronder, atray, will, wish, woe. 

Soft zrinds irent murmuring by, ivith low and pen- 
sive sound. All human weal and woe learn thou to 
make thine own. The wild and i^anton winds there 
wail and ireep. The western traves rolled on their 
way. What most tue zrish, ivith ease ive fancy 
near. 

Exercise 29. y, consonant, like e shortened, and uttered 
abruptly. 

The letters in italics have the sound of y, as heard 
in year: yarn, yield, yonder, your, yoke, yeoman. 

But yesterday, and Caesar might have stood against 
the world.- Yonder comes the powerful king of day, 
rejoicing in the east. How dense and bright yon 
pearly clouds reposing lie. Then from glad youth to 
calm decline, my years would gently glide. 
2 



14 ELEMENTARY SOUNDS 

Exercise 80. f. 

The letters in italics have the sound of/, as in/lne ; 
if, full, off, fife, enough, phantom, philosopher. 

Fond fancy retraces the far-off past. Enough, nc> 
jt?Aantom mocks us, and no /ears distract. Li/e's last 
rapture triurnpAs over her woes, .Prom clijf to cli^f 
the /oaming torrents shine 

Exercise 31. j, or g soft, sound of dzh. 

The letters in italics have the sound of j, as in 
jewel : just, judge, ginger, age, grandeur. 

Eden's pure ^ems angelic legions keep. Thb 
stars in their nocturnal vigils rest. Not a soldier 
discharged his farewell shot o'er the grave. No 
grandeur is above the reach of woe. 

Exercise 32. k. 

The letters in italics have the sound of k, as in 
kite : kept, kindred, call, come, cap, concur, cAord, 
cAoir, cAoral, cAronicle, blac&, gueen, guote, quick. 

Where the sic&le cuts down the yellow corn. Many 
a sigh called forth by thee, has swelled my acAing 
breast. The calm shade shall bring a Zrindred calm. 

Exercise 33. s. 

The letters in italics have the sound of s, as in sun : 
sound, sister, save, miss, debase acid, cease, city. 

So sweet her song, that sadness weeping smiled. 
No censer lights our altar now. The swan's sweet- 
est song is the last he sings. Such sighs are incense 
from a heart sincere. 

Exercise 34. t. 

The letters in italics have the sound of t, as in. rime : 
tell, tene, went, intend, tint, helped, stopped, rocked. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 15 

Trumpet and timbrel are now mute in the tent. 
We take no note of time, but from Us loss. Men 
mus£ be taught as if you taught them not. 

Exercise 35. z. 

The letters in italics have the sound of z. as in 
sone: zenith, rose, was, suffuse, resume, suffice, Xen- 
opbon. 

The zones obey thee, as thy billows rise. There 
is no breeze upon the lake. The waves bound be- 
neath me as a steed that knows his rider. Wisdom 
mounts her zenith with the stars. 

Exercise 36. n, compound or ringing sound. 

The letters in italics have a ringing sound, as in 
song: think, bank, brink, drank, finger, languid, sanc- 
tion. 

Time writes no wrinkles on thine azure brow. 
Clasp me a little longer on the brink of fate. It 
mingles with the dross of earth again. Adore, O 
man, the finger of thy God. 

Exercise 37. sh. 

The letters in italics have the sound of sh, as in 
push : sheepish, lash, gracious, machine, cAaise, pen- 
sion, conscious, passion, patient, ocean, pshaw. 

Loud surges lasA the sounding shore. Pshaw ! 
what a deal of needless ranging. Conscience makes 
cowards of us all. List to the sAout, the sAock, the 
crasA of steel. 

Exercise 38. th, (sharp.) 

The letters in italics have the sound of th, as in 
thin : think, theme, thank, teeth, truth, breath. 

Time, the subtle thief of youth, hath stolen* my 



16 ELEMENTARY SOUNDS 

years. Faith touches all things with the hues of 
heaven. A good deed done hath memory's blest per- 
fume. In all you speak, let tru^A and candor shine. 

Exercise 39. th, (flat,) marked th. 

The letters in italics have the sound of th, as in 
this: "than, thou, though,, blithe, beneath, thus, thine, 
fathom. 

He never gives a mite to soothe the wanderer's 
pains. Then shalt thou find that thou wilt loathe thy 
life. There is solemn darkness beneath their boughs. 

Exercise 40. zh. 

The letters in italics have the sound of zh, as heard 
in glazier: azure, usual, evasion, measure, rouge. 

Their plumes now shine w T ith azure and with gold. 
A vision of beauty appeared on the cloud. No rap- 
ture dawns, no treasure is revealed. 

Exercise 41. #, {sharp.) 

The letters in italics have the sound of the combi- 
nation ks, as heard in makes : tax, six, excel, flax. 

It fans the smoking flax into a flame. Changing 
empires wane and wax, are founded and decay. Si- 
lence, ye billows, — vex my soul no more. Teach 
me to fix my dearest hopes on high. 

Exercise 42. x, {flat.) 

The letters in italics have the sound of the combi- 
nation gz, as heard in bag's : exact, exist, exempt, 
exhaust, exalt. 

This imperial realm exacts allegiance from her 
sons. This right is sacred as the right to exist. Let 
us exult in hope, that all shall yet be well. 



6. 


6b, 


b. 


u, 


ub, 


b. 


o. 


od, 


d. 


u, 


ud, 


d. 


0. 


of, 


f. 


u, 


uf, 


f. 


o, 


og, 


g- 


u, 


u g> 


g- 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 17 

TABLE FOR REVIEW 

OF 

CONSONANT ELEMENTS. 

[The following Table is designed as a short review of the Elementary Soundt 
of the Consonants. First, utter the Elementary Sound of the Short 
Vowel ; next, the Syllable, produced by the combination of the vowel 
sound with that of the Consonant ; and then the elementary sound of 
the Consonant alone, as indicated by the closing sound of the slU§ble. 
Proceed across the page.] 

Exercise 43. 
1,1b, b. 
i, id, d. 
i,if, f. 

Mgi g- 

i, ik, k. o, ok, k. u, uk, k. 

i, it, 1. o, ol, 1. u, ul, 1. 

i, im, m. 

i, in, n. 

i,ip, p. 

i, ir, r. 

i, is, s. 

i, it, t. 

i, iv, v. 

i, iz, z. 

a, ang, ng. 36 e, eng, ng. i, ing, ng. o, ong, ng. u, ung, ng. 
a, ash, sh. e, esh, sh. i, ish, sb. o, osb, sh. u, ush, sh. 
a, ath, th. 38 e, eth, th. i, itb, th. o, otb, th. u, uth, th. 
a,ath, th. 39 e, eth, th. i, itb, th. o, oth, th. u, uth, th. 
a, ax, x. 41 e, ex, x. i, ix, x. o, ox, x. u, ux, x. 
a, ax, x. 4 ' 2 e, ex, x. i, ix, x. o, ox, x. u, ux, x. 
a, azh, zh. e, ezh, zh. i, izh, zh, o, ozh, zh. u, uzh, zh. 
a*aj, j. e, ej, j. i, ij, j. o, oj, j u, uj, j. 
2* 



a, ab, 


b. 


e, eb, 


b. 


a, ad, 


d. 


e,ed, 


d. 


a, af, 


f. 


e, ef, 


f. 


a,ag, 


g- 


e, eg, 


g- 


a, ak, 


k 


e, ek, 


k. 


a, al, 


1. 


e, el, 


1. 


a, am, 


m. 


e, em, 


m 


a, an, 


n. 


e, en, 


n. 


a, ap, 


P- 


e,ep, 


P- 


a, ar, 


r. 


e, er, 


r. 


a, as, 


s. 


e, es, 


s. 


a, at, 


t. 


e, et, 


t. 


a,av, 


V. 


e, ev, 


V. 


a, az, 


z. 


e, ez, 


z. 



0, 


om, 


m. 


u, 


um, 


m 


o 3 


on, 


n. 


u, 


un, 


n. 


o, 


op, 


P- 


u, 


up, 


P- 


o, 


or, 


r. 


«, 


ur, 


r. 


0, 


OS, 


s. 


u, 


us, 


s. 


0, 


ot, 


t. 


u, 


ut, 


t. 


0, 


ov, 


v, 


u, 


uv, 


V. 


0, 


oz, 


z. 


u, 


uz, 


z. 



18 



COMBINATIONS 



COMBINATIONS OF THE CONSONANTS. 



[The following Exercises in the Combinations of Consonants, designed 
to train the vocal and enunciative organs, should be used till the pupil 
can utter each combination distinctly, forcibly, and with ease, giving to 
each element in the combination its due and appropriate sound. First 
utter the word containing the combination ; next, the combination by 
itself; then, alternately the words and the combination; and finally, 
the sentences, solely with reference to distinct articulation of the com- 
bined Elementary Sounds, represented by italic letters, when those 
letters are not silent.] 



Exercise 44. Id, hdst.* 
Vrotfd, ebWd, daui'rf, imbi&'cZ, sobbed, prob'dst. 

He gazed on hills rock-ribbed and ancient as the 
sun. Prejudices are often imbibed from custom. The 
glow has ebbed from his hollow cheek. Then thou 
iprob'dst the wound which now has healed. Think 
how thou st&Wdst him in the prime of youth. 

Exercise 45. bl. 
UZind, noble, blow, able, block, bubble, blemish. 

There is a world where there falls no.&Zight. Why 
should gold man's feeble mind decoy ? How bless- 
ings brighten as they take their flight! Since thou 
art but of dust, be humble and be wise. 

Exercise 46. bid, bldst. 
Dis&bPd, doubPd humbPd, hobbPdsl, trembPdst. 

He forsakes earth's troubled waters for a purer 
spring. 'Tis but the fabled landscape of a lay. Thou 
trembPdst then, if never since that day. Thou 
humbPdst hosts on old Platea's day. 

* If any combination be found too difficult at first, return to it again, 
after going through, and the organs of speech will be found stronger and 
more flexible from the continued use of the exercises. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 



19 



Exercise 47. bh, blst. 
BauWes, nobles, pebbles, troubPst, humbPst. 

The heart, benevolent and kind, the most resembles 
God. Thus bubbles rise and vanish on the deep. 
Hence ! thou troubPst me with vain requests. 

Exercise 48. hr. 
Brave, brine, brow, bright, breeze, em&roil. 

O soft are the breezes, that play round the tomb. 
What stronger breastplate than a heart untainted ! 
Ocean's broad breast was covered with his fleet. 
There spices breathe, and brighter seasons smile. 

Exercise 49. bz, 1st. 
"Webs, ribs, probes, robes, rob'st, prob'st, robb'st. 

They bowed like shru&s beneath the poison blast. 
Then fear appalled the scattered tribes. Yet with 
no gentle hand thou prob'st their wounds. 

Exercise 50. dzli, dzhd. 
T&dge, lodge, imag^e, privilege, Hedged, presaged. 

O for a lodge in some vast wilderness ! Why judge 
you then so hardly of the dead ? Their winglets are 
Hedged in the sun's hot rays. A sound in air pre- 
saged approaching rain. 

Exercise 51. dl. 
^Handle, ladle, meddle, bundle, cradle, kindle. 

The brazen trumpets kindle rage no more. Alas! 
it would not pay for can d/e -light. From man to 
man, like fire, the kindling impulse flew. I have been 
an outcast from my cradle. 



20 COMB IN A TUKNTS 

Exercise 52. did, didst. 
CradZ'd, padd/'d, waddPd, bxidPdst, fondPdst. 

Thy mind once kindled with each passing thought. 
My days are dwindled to the shortest span. In boy- 
hood's day thou tmndPdst the hoop. Stung by the 
viper thou fondPdst when young. 

Exercise 53. dlz, dlst. 
Handles, ladles, bundles, cradPst, kindPst. 

The hind, scarce conscious why, handles his targe 
and bow. Man seems the only growth that dwindles 
here. In very sooth, thou waddPst like a duck. In 
thy upward flight thou dwindPst to a speck. 

Exercise 54. d?i. 
Golden, lad J n, bidden, gladd'w, lead'%, old'n. 

Angels drop on their goldm harps a pitying tear. 
There shall the coral redden, and the ruby glow. He 
has bidden adieu to his earthly friends. 

Exercise 55. dnz, dnd. 
Gardens, gladdW, wardens, saddVd, burdVd. 

It gladdens the blood in an old man's heart. Our 
hearts are eased of burdens hard to bear. They fly, 
or maddened by despair, fight but to die. Death 
never saddened your scenes of bloom. 

Exercise 56. dr. 
Drop, dress, drive, drover, dreadful, dream. 

On the ear drops the light drip of the suspended 
oar. True wit is nature, to advantage dressed. The 
dread beat of drum broke the dreamer's sleep. Fair 
visions of home cheered the desert so dreary. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 21 

Exercise 57. 
Didst, hadst, amidst, add'st, bidd'st, tread' st. 

They have gone down amidst the roar of the tem- 
pest. Thou bidd'st the shades of darkness fly. Thou, 
from primeval nothingness, didst call, first chaos, then 
existence. 

Exercise 58. dth, dths. 
Width, hundred//, breadth, hundredths, breadths. 

The width of the stream again dismayed him. For 
the hundredth time, he frowned and smiled. It took 
four breadths of cloth to make the cloak. 

Exercise 59. dz. 

Buds, weeds, odds, adze, lids, shades, abodes. 

No clouds shall on thy waters lie darkling. One 
feeble blast would fearful odds against thee cast. 
These shades are the abodes of undissembled gladness. 

Exercise 60. jl. 

Flame, fly, trifle, fleeee, baifle,flow, ri/Ze, ^Zight. 

Lord Marmion's falcon flew with wavering y?ight. 
At every tri/?e, scorn to take offence. Her^ag streams 
wildly, and her guttering sails pant to be on their 
y?ight. He looks on life but as a Meeting dream. 

Exercise 61. fld,jidst. 

mjPd, baifled, shuiftd, sti/d, mufftd, baf/Pdst, 
tixjPdst. 

The war-drum is muffled, and black is the bier. 
It has rifled the buds from the blooming tree. Now 
tell me how thou bafftdst thine enemy. 



22 COMBINATIONS 

Exercise 62. fiz, fist. 
!&ifles, baffles, ruffles, tnffst, rufflst, stiffst. 

Not to know some trifles, is a praise. He shuffles 
along with his slip-shod pace. Fear lends him wings, 
and he baffles pursuit. Thou trifl st with what is 
not thine own. 

Exercise 63. fn,fnd,fnz. 
Stiffs, sof'n, sof'ns, stiffens, so/Vrf, deafrid. 

Here shall the billows stiffen and have rest. The 
gurly storms now soften into joy. The woods are 
deafened with the roar. Truth softens the heart with 
Its simple tones. 

Exercise 64. fr. 
.Frame, /riend, refresh, phreusy, phrenology. 

Ye dreadless flowers, that/ringe the eternal frostl 
An honest love is not afraid to/rown. Angels from 
friendship gather half their joy. Labor is but re- 
freshment /rom repose. 

Exercise 65. fs, fst. 
Whiffs, puffs, fifes, laughs, puff'st, laugh'st. 

Mortals, on life's later stage, still grasp at wealth. 
Forests are rent, and cliffs in ruin piled. Ha ! laugh 1 st 
thou, Lochiel, my vision to scorn ? Thou scoff'st at 
virtue's homely joys. 

Exercise 66. ft, fth. 
Oft, soft, waft, doff'd, draught, laugh'd, fifth. 

Oft from apparent ill our blessings rise. Where 
billows rise and sink on the chafed ocean-side. The 
draught of pleasure still is dashed with woe. Justice 
shall lift aloft her even scale 



OF THE COiXSONANTS. 23 

Exercise ,67. fts % fist. 

Li/fc, rafts, tufts, wafts, draughts, waft'stj Wfl'sl. 

Prosperity ! I court thy gifts no more. Death lifts 
the veil that hides a brighter sphere. Over the win- 
try desert drear thou waffst thy waste perfume. 

Exercise 68. gd, gdst. 
Begg'd, rigged, lagged, digged, dragged, bragg'dst. 

The very elements are leagued with death. Yet 
still the creeping tortoise lagged behind. Thou 
begg'dst in vain the hermit's blessing then. 

Exercise 69. gl. 
Gleam, glory, glove, gZitter, eagle, struggle, single. 

Pleased with his guests, the good man learned to 
glow. Through grades and glooms the mingling 
measures stole. From thicket to thicket the angler 
glides. 



■5 ' 



Exercise 70. gld, gldst. 
Struggled, haggPd, mingVd, mangVdst, mingVdst. 

The bells he jingled, and the whistle blew. I saw 
it in the wheel entangZed. He gazed enraptured 
on the spangled canopy. How beautifully thou 
mingV dst life and death ! 



**& i 



Exercise 71. glz, gist. 

Ragles, juggles, spangles, jungles, struggVst, 
mingVst. 

I have roamed where the hill-foxes howl, and eagles 
cry. SpangZes, in the sunny rays, shine round the 
silver snow. Before thou ming^Z'sZ in the jostling 
crowd. Thou struggZ'sZ, as life upon the issue hung. 



24 COMBINATIONS 

Exercise 72. gr. 
Green, grip, grow, grain, ground, grief, engrave. 

GVandeur, strength, and grace here speak of Deity. 
If they rule, it shall be over our ashes and graves. 
The groves of Eden yet look green in song. 

Exercise 73. gz, gst. 
Log's, figs, dreg^s, rogues, leagues, begg'st, digg'st. 

The fisherman drag's to the shore his laden nets. 
You have bartered life for bag's of gold. The school- 
boy lag's with satchel in his hand. Thou begg-'s^ in 
vain, no pity melts his heart. 

Exercise 74. kl. 
Cling, wrinkle, cZifF, circle, clover, chloride, knuckle. 

The sea-gems sparkle in the depths below. The 
sovereign sun in glory hath declined. Subject neith- 
er to eclipse nor wane, duty exists. All feel the 
assaults of fortune's fickle gale. 

Exercise 75. kid, kldst. 

SparkPd, wrinkVd, circVd, freckVd, buckPdst, 
iwinkPdsL 

Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled 
front. The stars dim twinkled through his airy form. 
O holy star! that twinkPdst on the shepherd's path. 

Exercise 76. klz, klst. 
Sparkles, circles, pickles, uncles, sparkPst, freckPsL 

Time writes no wrinkles on thine azure brow. 
The storm-bird wheels in circles round the mast. It 
leaves behind a wave that crin&fes bright. Thou 
sparkPst like a gem of the starry sky. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 25 

Exercise 77. kn. 
To/fc'w, blac/c'w, slac/c'w, deac'w, falc'tt, wa/c'w, sha/c'w. 

By the storms of circumstance unsha&cw, duty- 
exists. Though clouds thic&ctt round us, we heed not 
the storm. Sunshine can yet waken a burst of delight. 

Exercise 78. knd, kndst. 

Wa&Wd, dar&Wd, bXactfrfdst, Yiearttrtdst. 

And darkened Jura answers through her misty 
shroud. With quickened step brown night retires. 
Thou hearken' dst not when wisdom bade thee heed. 

Exercise 79. knz, knsU 

Tokens, deac'ws, falc'ws, thic&'ws, bec&Ws£, wak'n'st. 

The mountain's glowing brow betokens the sun's 
approach. Mist darkens the mountain, night darkens 
the vale. Thou awaken' st there a warmer sympathy. 

Exercise 80. kr. 

JTraken, crime, across, increase, creation, crown, 
crash. 

Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown. Aim 
not to trace the secrets of the skies. There crystal 
streams with pleasing murmurs creep. 

Exercise 81. ks. 

Oaks, sticks, lakes, relics, rocks, bore, axe, six. 

Sighs, and groans, and shrie&s now rend the air. 
Age shakes Athena's tower, but spares gray Mara- 
thon. Ye mouldering relics of departed years ! 

Exercise 82. kst, kstli. 
Shaft's^, wak'st, rock'st, syeaWst, next, mix'd, sixth. 
Seek'st thou the plashy brink of weedy lake ? Of 



26 COMBINATIONS 

differing themes the veering song was mixed. And 
many a holy text around she strews. Henry the 
Sixth bids thee despair. 

Exercise 83. kt. 

Roc&'d, ra&W, wa&'d, MWd, sect, prospect, subject 
Eaeh season looked delightful as it passed. He 
wafed at the vessel's sudden roll. I deny the com- 
petency of parliament to do this act. 

Exercise 84. kts, Jctst. 

Acts, respects, objects, respecfst, acfst, lik'dst. 

It gilds all object but it alters none. Thy lucid 
ray direct my thoughts to realms on high. Thy 
rays give lustre to the insects wing. Thou acfst the 
fool as it were natural to thee. I heard thee say but 
now, " thou lik'dst not that." 

Exercise 85. lb, Ibz, Id. 

'Bulb, bulbs, old, mild, cold, gild, field, child, fold. 

There too the ~Elbe, with gentle murmur, glides. 
He toiled, and moiled, poor muck-worm! Oft did 
the harvest to his sickle yield. Be as a chimin meek 
simplicity. 

Exercise 86. Idz, Idst. 

Gilds, fields, folds, yields, wilds, boldest, shield'st. 

Apollo still thy long, long summer gilds. Drowsy 
tinklings lull the distant folds. Not proud Olympus 
yields a nobler sight.. Thou yield' st to fate without 
a murmur now. 

Exercise 87. If, Ifs. 
Self, wolf, pelf, shelf, elf, gulf, sylphs, elfs, gulfs. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 27 

O how self- fettered is the grovelling soul ! Though 
gulfs yawned under thee, I would not leave thee. It 
is the vulture's abode, the wolf's dreary cave. 

Exercise 88. ///, Ifth, Idzh, Idzhd. 

Ingulf d, twelfth, bilge, induce, bi^rf, indulged 

The lake is ingulfed amid sheltering hills. I, with 
them, the twelfth night kept the watch. Indulge 
no useless wish, but be content. He indulged his 
wit and lost his friends. 

Exercise 89. Ik, Iks, Ikst, Ikt. 

Elk, milk, hulk, elks, silks, milk'st, milled, mulct. 

Crowned with her pail, the tripping mi/&-maid 
sings,. In silks and satins new, we worship in these 
davs. The kine were milk'd, and flocks were in the 
folds. 

Exercise 90. hi, Imd, hnz, hnst. 

Wm, f\lm, whelm' d, films, realms, overwhelm' st. 

The heathen heel her helm has crushed. The steed 
was barbed and the warrior helmed. ~Films slow- 
gathering dim the sight. Thou overwhefei'^ them 
with the whirlwind's sweep. 

Exercise 91. In, lp 9 Ips, Ipst, Ipt, Iptst. 

QtoPn, swofe, pulp, whelps, scalp' st, helped, help'dst. 

Even our fallen fortunes lay in light. Feeble 
Cresars shrieked for help in vain. The Alps have 
pinnacled in clouds their snowy scalps. Thou 
scalp' st thy victim while his pulse yet beats. I was 
the 'first that helped thee to the crown. Those 
crumbling piles thou help'dst to rear. 

Exercise 92. Is. 
Valse, dulse, else, pulse, impulse, repulse. 



28 COMBINATIONS 

Oft by false learning is good sense defaced. How 
wearily at times the pulse doth beat. ~Else, whence 
this pleasing hope, this fond desire ? 

Exercise 93. 1st. 

HuPst, i\lPst, calPst, ialPst, wheePst,rolPst, convulsed. 

Thou t\lPst existence with Thyself alone. Thou 

marshalPst me the way that I was going. Thou 

calPst its children a happy band. Life flutters eon- 

vuls^d in his quivering limbs. 

Exercise 94. Zz, Ith, Iths. 

~Bolt, wilt, gui/Z, wealth, filthy stealth, healths. 

Wisdom finds an equal portion dea/Z to all man- 
kind. Misery is wed to guilt. Health consists with 
temperance alone. Here shaft thou gaze on villages, 
and tilth, and herds. In drinking healths, men bui 
invite disease. 

Exercise 95. Its, Itst. 

Faults, holts, melts, assaults, halfst, meltfst. 

The assauZZs of discontent and doubt repel. A 
friendly eye could never see such faults. Meanwhile 
the clouds in airy tumuto fly. Thou melPst with 
pity at another's woes. 

Exercise 96. lv, Ivd. 

Twelve, waive, helve, solve, revolve, resolved, involved. 
O fix thy firm resolve, wisdom to wed. Now 
night's dim shades again involve the sky. No pre- 
cious fate with mine involved, my heart is fearless. 

Exercise 97. Ivz, Ivst. 
Wolves, elves, shelves, valves, dissolv'st* revolrfst. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 29 

Who would be free, themselves must strike the 
blow. Man resolves, and re-resolves, then dies the 
same. Thou solv'st the problem at the expense of life. 

Exercise 98. h. 

Toils, steals, ca/Zs, ba//s, morals, laure/s, embroi/s. 

Foo/6' may admire, but men of sense approve. 
Man buys and sells, — he steals, he kills for gold. 
Peace rules the day, when reason rules the mind. 
Fools will rush in, where angels fear to tread. 

Exercise 99. md, mdst. 

Fa,m?d, seemed, blooirfd, illu??t'<i, doomed, dootrtdst. 

Let us keep the soul embalmed in living virtue. 
The rose seemed to weep for the buds it had left. 
Thou o\oowHdst thy victims to untimely death. 

Exercise 100. mf, mfs, 771ft. 

NympA, lymph, triumph, triumphs, nymphs, tr'iwnpttd. 

This hour to Europe's fate shall set the txinmph- 
seal. What are man's triumphs, when they brightest 
seem? Life's last rapture triumphed o'er her woes. 

Exercise 101. mp, mps, mpst. 

Pomp, lamp, lumps, lamps, swam/?5, thump's^. 

Through camp and court he bore the trophies of a 
conqueror. And a plump little child for a pendulum 
swung. How poor the oomps of earth compared 
with heaven ! Thou dampest their zeal, already on 
the wane. 

Exercise 102. mz, mst. 

Gems, plums, blooms, comes, to7nbs, doom's^, seem'st. 
The air seems hallowed by the breath of other 
3* 



30 



COMBINATIONS 



times. For thou art freedom's now and fame's. I 
love thee, winter, all unlovely as thou seem'st. 

Exercise 103. mt, mts, mtst. 

Prompt, contempt, stamp'd, cramp'd, attempts, 
prompt' sL 

Be ever prompt to answer duty's call. He stamped, 
and fumed, and raved in vain. H'e tempts the peril- 
ous deep at dawn. Thou prompt'st the warrior to 
his deeds of fame. 

Exercise 104. nd. 

"End, land, bond, stand, mind, bound, stunn'd. 

"With heart and hand, I'll by thee stand. Peace 
hath her victories, no less renowned than those of 
war. Pine groves bend with soft and soul-like sound. 

Exercise 105. ndz, ndst. 

Ends, lands, hands, bonds, minds, bend'st, sencPst. 

The rivulet sends forth glad sounds. Hinds, with 
simple hands, shall dress thy rural tomb. Answer 
how thou found' st me. In a seven-fold twine thou 
bend'st thy arch. 

Exercise 106. ng. (38) Elementary, not a Combination. 

Song-, long-, Xing', wing-, bring, swing, wrong, singing. 

Its solemn tones are ringing in my ear. Di^g"- 
do^g*, di^-do^g*! merrily go the bells. While his 
parting' hu^g- rich o'er the world. Exulting-, treni- 
bling, raging*, fainting', possessed beyond the muse's 
painting*. 

Exercise 107. ngd, ngdst. 

^Wrong'd, wing' 'd hang'd, twang' d, wrong' dst. 
They thronged around her magic cell. The snowy 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 31 

winged plover skims over the deep. The number 
may be hanged, but not be crowned. Thou wrong* dst 
thyself to write in such a case. 

Exercise 108. ngz. 

Qongs, iangs, rings, wings, wrongs, sings, throngs. 

Throngs of insects in the glades try their thin 
\vi?igs. From labor health, from health contentment 
springs. Peace scatters blessi^s from her dewy 



Exercise 109. ngst, ngth, ngths. 

Hing'st, wrongest, sing'st, cling'st strength, lengths. 

Thine is a strain to read amongst the hills. 
Which, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length 
along. He was the proudest in his strength, the 
manliest of you all. Short views we take, nor see 
the lengths behind. 



Exercise 110. ngk, ngks, ngkst. 

Drink, rank, pranks, lynx, thank 1 st think' st. 

Fruits were his food, his drink the crystal well. 
In each low wind methinks a spirit calls. Down 
bend the hanks, the trees depending grow. O, deep- 
er than thou think' st, I have read thy heart. 

Exercise 111. ngkt, ngkts. 

~Rank'd, thank' d, winh'd, Rank'd, precinct, precincts. 

Linked to thy side, through every chance I go. 
God had been thanked, and they began to eat. Till 
Death winked at our hero as he passed. He has left 
the warm precincts of the cheerful day. 

Exercise 112. ndzh, ndzhd. 
Hinge, range, fringe, cringe, reveng'd, chang'd. 



32 



COMBINATIONS 



Possessions vanish and opinions change. But with 
a frown, Revere, impatient, rose. In all save form 
alone, how changed ! The pine is {ringed with a 
softer green. 

Exercise 113. ws. 

Tense, sense, dance, incense, science, defence, 
expanse. 

In search of wit, some lose all common sense. 
Fools give to chance the glory of God's works. Like 
cool incense comes the dewy air. The fire-flies glance 
through the myrtle boughs. 

Exercise 114. nst. 

Canst, against, owns't, minced, crown'st incensed. 

No more shall nation against nation rise. Give 
what thou canst ; without thee we are poor. Fairest 
of stars! thou crown'st the smiling morn. At the 
intruding staff the adder lanced her arrowy tongue. 

Exercise 115. nsh, nslit. 

Hench, launch, quench, avalanche, launched. 

Now lau^cA the boat upon the wave. Where 
forms and falls the avalanche, — the thunderbolt of 
snow. Quenched is the flame on Horeb's side. He 
is launched on the wreck-covered river. 

Exercise 116. M, nth, nths. 

Ijent, rant, tenth, labyrinth, tenths. 

He went to see how money might be made, not 
spent. Earthly pride is but the transient pageant of 
an hour. Few speak, wild, stormy month, in praise 
of thee. A labyrinth of ruins, Babylon spreads over 
the blasted plain. Here we may see the hyacm^A's 
neglected hue. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 33 

Exercise 117. nts, ntst. 

Wawfe, tents, events, elements, hau///\s7, wan? St. 

Coming events cast their shadows before. New 
portents now our foes amaze. Be wise as serpenfc 
and harmless as doves. His ready smile a parent's 
warmth expressed. Why haunt* st thou the land 
where thy kindred sleep ? 

Exercise 118. nz. 

Liens, means, vanes, fins, gams, glens, ordains. 

Slow and steady wins the race. Blest are the 
feasts which simple plenty crowns. Of all that's 
holy, holiest is the good ma/i's pall. 

Exercise 119. pi. 

Plume, plaid, plod, dimple, people, ripple. 

There is no breeze upon the fern, no ripple on the 
lake. Plaid and plumage were tossed in air. It 
was replete with joy. The ploughman homeward 
plods his weary way. 

Exercise 120. pld, pldst. 

DimpVcl, trampPd, peopVd, dappVd, purpVd, tram- 
pl'dst. 

His dust lies trampled in the noiseless ground. 
Morn is gleaming in the dappled east. He treads' 
the peopled ways of life. Thou trampVdst of old 
on the necks of the brave. 

Exercise 121. plz,plst. 

Temples, dimples, apples, ripples, scruples, trampl'st. 

Old age has on their temples shed her silver frost. 
Thou rippfst the surface of the sleeping wave. Thou 
trampVst in scorn on the lowly flower. 



34 



COMBINATIONS 



Exercise 122. pn, pnd, pnz. 

Deepen, op'n, rip'ri*d, deep' rid, sharps, op'ns. 

His ears are open to the softest cry. Like the 
meteor's flash, it will deepen the night. The ripened 
corn before his sickle fell. The ceaseless flow of 
feeling deepens still. 

Exercise 123. pr. 

Pride, praise, prime, prove, prune, imprint, im- 
pression. 

Thy voice sounds like a prophet's word. Prompt 
to relieve, the prisoner sings his praise. Those best 
can bear reproof who merit praise. 

Exercise 124. ps, pst. 

Lips, stops, traps, ropes, drops, hopes, droop's^. 

Fix thy hopes on the sure basis of eternity. 

Thought stops her bold career, and fancy droops. 

Thou, O sickness, wrapp'st the world in clouds. 

Long years have elaps'd since I gazed on the scene. 

Exercise 125. pt. 

Wept, slept, accept, dropped, rapt 

The clouds be few, that intercept the light of joy. 
Sarmatia fell, unwept without a crime. The scam- 
pering hare outstripped the wind. A school-boy 
would be whipped, who read so ill. * 

Exercise 126. pts, ptst, pth, pths. 

* Precepts, intercepts, accepfst, depth, depths. 

Just precepts are from great examples given. Ac- 
cept thou in kindness the proffered pledge ? Launch 
not beyond thy depth, but be discreet. From the 
depths of air comes a still voice. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 35 

Exercise L27. 

Orb, garb, curfe, superft, distur&, bar6, verft, absorft. 

A keeper of the chase, thy garb bespeaks. Curb, 
O curb thy headlong speed. And yet thy full orb 
burns with flash unquenched and bright. 

Exercise 128. rid, rbdst. 

Curbed, garft'rf, orfl'dj bar&'d, absori'd, curVdst. 

The lake is garbed in sunless majesty. He was 
totally absor&ed in his studies. No drums distur&erf 
his morning sleep. Then thou curb'dst thy mad 
career. 

Exercise 129. rbz, rbst. 

Orbs, garbs, barbs, verbs, distur&s, curUst, absorb'st. 

Not a breath disturb the deep serene. The sim- 
pler comes for her&s of power on thy banks to look. 
Thou barest the dart, that rankles sore within. 

Exercise 130. rd. 

Bird, cord, absurd, word, herd, regard, reward, hard. 

Let your sword be bared, alone at wisdom's call. 
Embroidered sandals glittered as he trod. Guard 
well thy sail from passion's sudden blasts. 

Exercise 131. rdz, rdst. 

Birds, cords, words, rewards, guards, regard's^. 

Silver cords to earth have bound me. How wild- 
ly the sea-birds cry ! Guards / take Pythias away 
to execution. Thou reward's^ the evil and the good. 

Exercise 132. rf, rfs, rg, rgz. 

Turf, wharf, serfs, dwarfs, iceberg*, icebergs. 
Every turf, beneath their feet, shall be a soldier's 



36 



COMBINATIONS 



sepulchre. When dwarfs and pygmies shall to giants 
grow. In polar seas, where iceberg's. have their "home. 

Exercise 133. rdzli, rdzhd. 

"Large, urge, charge, scourged, urg'd, enlarged. 

Toward the verge sweeps the wide torrent. To 
the charge / heaven's banner is o'er us. Not a sol- 
dier discharge his farewell shot. 

Exercise 134. r&, rks. 

Dark, lark, work, hark, marks, harks, monarch. 

Rise with the lark, and with the lark to bed. Mer- 
cy becomes a monarch better than his crown. He 
marks their track, and guides their fiery wheels. 

Exercise 135. rkst, rkt, rktst. 

'Work^st, mark'st, lurk'd, embarked, hark'dst. 

'M.arttst thou, my son, yon woodsman gray ? For 
this he worked, for this forsook his bed. I marked 
it well ; 'twas black as jet. Of yore lurtfdst thou in 
caverns of the deep. 

Exercise 136. rl. 

Curl, pearl, snarl, marl, whirl, girl, furl, hurl. 

There is not a breath the blue wave to curl. Ter- 
ribly the hoarse and rapid whir/pools rage. There 
the pearZ-shells spangle the flinty snow. 

Exercise 137. rid, rldst. 

World, curVd, whirVd, guar I'd, iurVdst, hurVdst. 

A gilded insect to the world you seemed. Once 
round his head the war-cloud curled. The ensigns 
of union are in triumph unfurled. Thou hurCdst the 
spear that prostrate laid thy foe. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 37 

Exercise 138. rich, rh, 1st. 

Worlds, pearls, curls, snarls, whirls, curPst, furPst. 

What are ten thousand worlds, compared with 
God ? They are glittering pearls of the dewy night. 
But oft in whirls the mad tornado flies. Again thou 
unfurl thy trembling wings. 

Exercise 139. rm. 

Arm, warm, harm, form, charm, alarm, {arm, storm. 

Soft showers distilled, and suns grew warm in vain. 
Hast thou a charm, to stay the morning star in his 
steep course? Arm I arm I it is — it is the cannon's 
opening roar ! 

Exercise 140. rmd, rmdst. 

Arm'd, harmed, wamPd, formed, fornPdst, chanrPdst. 

Armed, say you ? Armed, my lord. The stork, 
alarmed at sight of man, affrighted fled. Who 
formed the paradise, he never asks. Thou arm'dst 
the hand that laid thee low. 

Exercise 141. rrnz, rmst, rmtli. 

Arms, warms, forms, storms, alarms^ chamPst, 
warmth. 

The surly storms are softened into joy. Not Ti- 
tian's pencil could such forms display. Thou charm 1 st 
the ear with thy soft melodies. With honest warmth 
he turns to bless his Maker. 

Exercise 142. rn. 

Mora, scorw, urn, bura, home, torn, learn, return. 

Straight let us tura our trumpets to the hills. 
Live, stung by the scorn of thy own bosom. The 
echoing horn no more shall rouse them. He listens 
to the call of incense-breathing morn. 
4 



38 COMBINATIONS 

Exercise 143. rnd^ rndsU 

F>urvJd, scorn' d, learn' 'dwarri' *d, discern'^, Yeturn'dsL 

Their bones lie whitening in the caveraed deep. 

Warned by the signs, in haste they shelter seek. I 

have scorned^ and still do scorn to hide my sense of 

wrong. It is well thou le&rn J dst that lesson young. 

Exercise 144. rnz, rnst. 

Moms j urns, horns, caverns, learr*s, turn'st, scorn* st. 

Such fair morns once smiled on Eden's bloom. 
On the golden wave the sunset bums afar. Thou 
scorn'st the inglorious sacrifice. Thou warn'st me 
to the lonely shrine. 

Exercise 145. rp, rps, rpt. 

Harp, warp, sharp, carp, usurp, harps, warp'd. 

In Judah's hall the harp is hushed. Time is the 
warp of life ; O, weave it well. To their harps di- 
vine, they sing the vesper hymn of praise. Trade 
hath usurp/ d the land, and dispossessed the swain. 

Exercise 146. rs, rsh. 

Purse, scarce, horse, curse, fierce, nurse, hars//. 

Scarce could they see or hear their foes. Fierce 
to the breach their comrades sprung. His horse was 
not a whit inclined to tarry there. I come to pluck 
your berries harsh and crude. 

Exercise 147. rs/, rsts. 

First, worst, hurst, nurs'd, curs'd, pierc'd, hursts. 

There came a burst of thunder sound. Blasphem- 
er! dar's^ thou murmur even now? Proud Nimrod 
first the bloody chase began. Accursed be the fagots 
that blaze at his feet. A flood of glory hursts from 
all the skies. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 



39 



Exercise 148. rt. 

Art, port, dirt, cart, heart, part, i\\rt, start, impa/7. 

•How vast is art, how narrow human wit! The 
heart may give a useful lesson to the head. Act 
well your part, there all the honor lies. 

Exercise 149. rts, rtst. 
Arts, ports, carts, hearts, flirts, courts, starfst, hurfst. 
Things are not always done by starts. The bound- 
ing fawn now darts along the glade. The sports 
of children satisfy the child. With these thou Rirtfst, 
for those thou hast a smile. 

Exercise 150. rth, rths. 

~Ea?'th, worth, north, mirth, forth, hearth, hearths. 

Pay no moment, but in purchase of its worth. 
For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn. 
From this day for^A I'll use you for my mirth. They 
have given the lovely to earth's embrace. Our 
hearths shall be kindled in gladness. 

Exercise 151. rtsh, rtsht. 

March, larch, starch, porch, arched, searched, parched. 

We may resume the march of our existence. The 
larch has hung all its tassels forth. In search of 
happiness, her own sweet paths we flee. Pygmies 
are pygmies still, though perched on Alps. 

Exercise 152. rv, rvd, rvdst. 

Nerve, swerve, curve, serve, curved, starved, pre- 
sertfdst. 

I found Herculean nerre hid in thy tuneful arm. 

Swerve not from duty's path, however rough. Life 

is thus preserved, and peace again restored. The 

pilgrim fathers thou preserv'dst from winter's cold 
and storms. 



40 COMBINATIONS 

Exercise 153. rvz, rvst. 

9 

Nerves, curves, swerves, nerv'st, curv'st, preserv'st. 

No monumental stone preserves his name. Then 
the firmest nerves shall tremble. The highest meed 
of praise he well deserts. I thank thee for the 
word ; thou nen;'s£ my arm. 

Exercise 154. rz. 

Bars, wars, stars, spars, wears, tears, pears, snuffers. 
The wide earth bears no nobler heart than thine. 
Like broken waves their squares retire. We leap at 
stars, and fasten in the mud. There's not a breath 
of wind upon the hill. In glory's fires shalt thou 
dry thy tears. 

Exercise 155. sf. 

Sphere, spheroid, sphinx, spherical. 

The freed soul soars beyond this little sphere. Tell 
us- — -for doubtless thou canst recollect — to whom 
should we assign the spMnx's fame ? 

Exercise 158. shr. 

Shrill, shrine, shrank, sAriek, sAroud, sArub, shrive. 

He came to shrive the dying, bless the dead. The 
bat, sArill sArieking, wooed his flickering mate. To 
leafless s/mibs the flowery palms succeed. And 
freedom sArieked as Kosciusko fell. 

Exercise 157. sk, skr. 

Skill, skip, task, scan, scheme, casque, screen, scribe. 

But here the needle plies its busy tas&. His casque 
is circled by an ivy wreath. It is a land unscathed 
by scorching tear. The sea-bird's wild scream is 
heard afar. Across the wiry edge he drew the screak- 
ing file. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 



41 



Exercise 158. sks, skst, ski. 

Desks, tasks, mosques, as/c'st, basest, ask\l, r\sk\L 

Well pleased to find it such, he asks no more. 

Ask'st thou to whom belongs this valley fair? He 

risked his own, another's life to save. The black 

scorpion basked in palace courts. 

Exercise 159. si. 

Slime, slave, slow, sleep, whistle, apostle, slope, sleet. 

Slow tolls the village clock the drowsy hour. The 
zephyrs breathe calmly, and soft is its sleep. The 
thorn and the this^Ze grew broader and higher. 

Exercise 160. sld, sh, slst. 

'WhistPd, nestles, apostles, muscles, rusiPst, nestPst. 

Over the moors the loud blast whistled shrill. The 
grass rustles drearily over his urn. Like brisks over 
him, his coarse fur he rears. Brave forest-oak, thou 
wrestPst singly with the gale. 

Exercise 161. sm. 

Smile, smite, smoke, smooth, smash, smuggle. 

A. fresher green the smiling leaves display. He 
woke to die midst flame and smoke. The smooth 
stream in smoother numbers flows. Hope comes 
with smiles the hour of pain to cheer. 

Exercise 162. sn, snd, snz, snst. 

Snow, sneer, person, less'rtd, pers'ns, lisfns, lessWs£. 

How the sweet moonlight sleeps upon this snow. 
He always read it with a steering tone. He Wsterfd 
to the music of the rolling spheres. How the eye of 
beauty glistens, when music awakes her inmost soul! 
Onward thou hastertst with fawnlike tread. 
4* 



42 



COMBINATIONS 



Exercise 163. sp,, spl. 

/Span, speed, spar, wa^, lisp, grasp, spleen, splendid. 

No children run to lisp their sire's return. The 
stubble land was crisp with frost. Sport leaped up 
and seized his beechen spear. They wrapped the 
ship in spfendor wild. 

Exercise 164. spr. 

Spray, spring, sprain, sprig, spread, sprout, sprightly. 
And soon from guest to guest the panic spread. 
Flush in Spring's footsteps, sprang herbage and flow- 
ers. Modest plainness sets off sprightly wit 

Exercise 165. sps, spt. 

Grasps, lisps, wasps, clasps, grasp'd, clasp'd, lisp'd. 

How pure the prayer that childhood lisps / The 
youthful ivy clasps the elm. Pope lisped in numbers, 
for the numbers came. He grasped his blade, as if 
a trumpet rang. 

Exercise 166. st. 

Stand, stop, stove, star, hast, best, rest, noticed, 
entic'd 

The stormy March has come at last Stand ! the 
ground's your own, my braves ! Hast thou a charm, 
to stay the morning star ? No one noticed him, no 
one gave him a welcome. 

Exercise 167. str. 

Stroll, stream, strive, strong, strown, strains, 
minstrel. 

They have s£rown the dust on the sunny brow. 
Now set the teeth, and stretch the nostril wide. Nor 
friend, nor stranger hears their dying cry. There to 
high strains the minstrel harp T tuned. 



OF THE CONSONANTS. 43 

Exercise 168. s/s, stst. 

Mists, tastes, crests, coasts, res' enlisfst. 

The sounding darts in iron tempests flew. Crests 
rose and stooped, and rose again. All things seem 
large, which we through mists descry. Now, with 
what awe thou li&tfsi the wild uproar! 

Exercise 169. (38) thn, thnd, tJmdst, tlmz, ths, tht. 

~Length'n, strengtfAWd, lengthen' cist, strengthens, 
youths, betroth' d. 

Who would lengthen out the span of human life? 
These silver locks proclaim my lengthened years. He 
strengthens the perilous hour with prayer. Falsi 
now is the arm thou strengthen' dst. Faith's raised 
eye is always fixed on Heaven. She was early be- 
troth'd to a Highland chief. 

Exercise 170. thr. 

Throb, throne, thrive, thrill, three, thread, through. 

Thrice is he armed, that hath his quarrel just. 
Soft as the thrill that memory throws across the soul. 
His voice was like the voice of three. They Pronged 
around her magic cell. 

Exercise 171. (39) tJuL 

Breath'd, sooth' d, writh'd, baih'd, smoothed. 

He was sustained and soothed by an unfaltering 
trust. But nature breathed rebuke and dread. His 
manly lip was wreaked- with smiles. They sheathed 
their swords for lack of argument. 

Exercise 172. (39) thz, thst 

Hathes, tithes, paths, oaths, smooth's!;, xenth'sh 
A soothing influence breaches around the place. 
Some fond legend soothes his infant hours. The 



44 



COMBINATIONS 



paths of glory lead but to the grave. O guilt ! thou 
bat/Pst the world in tears. 

Exercise 173. tl, tld, tldst. 

Title, cattle, gentle, rattVd, titVd, rattPdst. 

Round me the smoke and shout of battle roll. 
The reef points rattle on the shivering sail. He prat- 
tled less, in accents void of guile. Thou starWdst 
the slumbering tenants of these shades. 

Exercise 174. tlz, list. 

Titles, turtles, mantles, battles, startPst, rattVst 
I saw him on the battle's eve, when like a king he 
bore him. How the blood warms and manges round 
the heart ! The wild deer thou startPst in the forest 
shade. 

Exercise 175. tn, tnd, tnz. 

Kitfn, mitPn, butfn, writfn, sweePn'd, whifns. 

How blessings brighten as they take their flight! 
Hope can relieve the gloom, and sweeten all my 
toil. The feathered snow now whiten* d the ground. 
Thy mercy sweetens the cup of woe. 

Exercise 176. tr. 

Tribe, tread, trade, troop, traitor, tremble. 

Time's giddy arch with trembling foot we tread. 
What mighty contests rise from trivial things ! True 
as the steel of their tried blades. 

Exercise 177. tsh. 

Charm, chime, choose, rich, touch, catch, watch. 

I with them, the third night, kept the watch. Hope, 
the cAarmer, lingered still behind. Youth is notricA 
in time ; it may be poor. 



OF Tim CONSONANTS. 



45 



Exercise 178. tsht, Ishtst. 

Touched, watched, reacted, snatched, touch? dst. 

Hence have I watched while others slept. Apollo 
rapt us when you touched the lyre. O Thou, who 
Xowcli'dst Isaiah's hallowed lips with fire. 

Exercise 179. ts, tst. 

Bats, spots, roots, slates, hats, notes, sitt'st, shout' st. 

Ten censure wrong, for one who writes amiss. 
The flute's soft notes fall gently on the ear. Thou 
mightst have been free. Spirit of freedom! once 
on Phyle's brow thou zatt'st. 

Exercise 180. vd, vdst. 

Ijiv'd, belov'd, sav'd, mov'd, lov'dst, sav'dst. 

Hope, enchanted, smiled, and waved her golden 
hair. He chid their wanderings, but relieved their 
pain. Thou depriv'dst me of all I then possessed. 

Exercise 181. t>Z, vld, vlst, viz. 

Et>7, shoy'Z, ravUVd, shrivUVd, shov'lst, ev'ls. 

Their hopes still grovel in this dark sojourn. It 
seared and shnvelVd u,p his heart. The clods of 
earth shall soon be shoveWdon him. Thou unravel? st 
the very threads of being. So shrivels the leaf in 
the autumn blast. 

Exercise 182. vn, vnz, vnth. 

Sev'n, driven, cvav'n, heavhis, rav'ns, eleventh. 

Thy chains are burst, thy bonds are riven, l&ven 
half a million gets him no other praise. To God let 
thy heart and hours be given. Hea^e^'s sapphire 
arch is its resplendent dome. 



46 



COMBINATIONS 



Exercise 183. vz, vst. 

Waves, groves, leaves, proves, row's?, rav'st. 

The waves roll gently on beneath thy bark of hope. 
The groves were God's first temples. The fanning 
west wind scarcely stirs the leaves. Weigh well thy 
words before thou giv'st them breath. 

Exercise 184. zd. 

Gaz\d, raisW, hlaz'd, us\l, prized, exposed. 

Sudden he gazed, but wist not what to do. No 
cheerful light the long-closed sash conveyed. Here 
buds and leaves are gracefully disposed. 

Exercise 185. %l, zld, zldst, zlst, zlz. 

Haz'l, mistletoe, d&zzPd, clazzVdst, puzzVst, puzzles. 
O ! the mistletoe bough, that hangs in the hall. 
My eyes are dazzled with the rustling flame. Thou 
puzzPdst the brain of the ancient sage. Thou dazzPst 
the eye with thy flaming rays. Sage as the lawyer, 
who puzzles over a doubt. 

Exercise 186. zwz, zmz, zn. 

Prism, chasms, frozen, prison, crimson, blazon. 

Through the fearful chasm, the deep sky shone. 
The billows sink to chasms low He sinks exhaust- 
ed on the irozen ground. It is darkly painted on the 
crimson sky. 

Exercise 187. znd, znz ) znst. 

BlasVd, crim sWrf, seas' ns, b\az'ns, rcas n\st. 

Arabia's crimsoned sands returned the fiery col- 
umn's glow. Thou hast all seasons for thine own, 
O Death ! Ye labor hard to smother reason s ray. 
How well thou reason's!, time alone can show. 



OF THE CONS 



TABLE FOR REVIEW 



47 



COMBINATIONS OF CONSONANTS, ARRANGED 
BY THE FINAL SOUND. 

[The following exercises are intended for daily review, after the pupils 
have practised sufficiently on the preceding ; the class can utter them 
simultaneously. Utter the word hist; next, the combination; then, 
the word again.] 

Exercise 188. 

Lb, bulb. — rb, garb. — bd, probed. — rbd, absorbed. 
— gd, begged. — ngd, belonged. — dzhd, imaged. — 
ldzhd, bilged. — ndzhd, ranged. — rdzhd, urged. — Id, 
go/a 7 . — bid, trembled. — did, paddled. — gld, mingled. — 
kid, twinkled. — pld, dimpled, — rid, world. — sld, whis- 
tled. — tld, rattled. — vld, shriveird. — zld, puzzled. — md, 
named. — Imd, overwhelmed* — rmd, formed. 

Exercise 189. 

Nd, land, — dnd, hardened. — fnd, deafened. — knd, 
wakened. — pnd, sharpened. — rnd, warned. — snd, les- 
sened. — tnd, whitened. — thnd, lengthened. — znd, bla- 
zoned. — rd, guard. — yd, proved. — lvd, resolved. — rvd, 
starved. — zd, gazed. — 39 thd, breathed. — If, shelf. — mf, 
triumph. — rf, turf. — sf, sphere. — rg, iceberg-. — nsh, 
bench. — rsh, marsh. — tsh, charm. — rtsh, march. 

Exercise 190. 

Dth, width.— fth, fifth.— Ifth, twelfth.— lth, wealth. 
— rmth, warmth. — ngth, length. — nth, tenth. — pth, 
depth. — rth, north. — fcstb, sixth. — Idzh, indulge. — 
ndzh, ra^e.— rdzh, barge. — Ik, silk. — ngk, thank. — 
rk, mark. — sk, task. — bl, blind. — dl, crtidle. — fl, y?oor. 
— gl, glove. — kl, twinkle. — pi, plan. — spl, splendid. — 
rl, fu/7. — si, sleep. — ti, gentle. — vl, shovel. — zl, dazzle. 
— lm, realm.- — rm, warm. 



48 



COMBINATIONS 



Exercise 191. 



Sm, smile. — thm, rhythm. — zm, prism. — dn, laden. 
— fn, deafen. — 38 thn, lengthen. — 39 thn, heathen, — kn, 
token. — In, stolen. — pn, sharpen. — rn, morn. — sn, les- 
sen.— tn, written. — vn, seven. — zn, frozen. — lp, help. 
— rnp, pomp.— rp, harp. — sp, span. — br, brave. — dr, 
dream. — fr, frown. — gr, green. — shr, shrine. — kr, 
crime. — skr, screen. — pr, pride. — spr, sprain. — tr, 
Mbe. — sir, strive.— thr, throne. 

Exercise 192. 

Fs, puffs. — lfs, gulfs. — mfs, triumphs. — rfs, dwarfs. 
— 38 ths, truths. — dths, breads. — lths, healths. — nths, 
months. — ngths, lengths. — pths, depths. — rths, hearts. 
— -ks, oa&s. — Iks, si/A:s. — ngks, thanks. — rks, marks. — 
sks, des&s. — Is, pulse. — -ns, dense. — -ps, lips. — lps, 
"whelps. — mps, lamps. — rps, harps. — sps, lisps. — rs, 
horse. — ts, boo£s. — fts, tufts. — kts, facts. — Its, melts. 
— mts, prompts. 

Exercise 193. 

Nts, events. — ngkts, precincts. — pts, precepts. — 
rts, darts. — sts, mis^s. — rsts, thirsts. — ft, soft. — lft, iri- 
gulfed. — mft, triumphed. — nsht, launched, — tsht, 
touched. — rtsht, marched. — kt, fact. — lkt, milked. — 
ngkt, thanked. — rkt, marked. — skt, basked. — It, salt. — 
mt, prompt. — nt, want.— rnt, burnt. — pt, kep£. — lpt, . 
helped. — rpt, warped. — spt, lisped. 

Exercise 194. 

Rt, par£. — st, s£eel. — bst, prob'st. — rbst, curVst. — 
dst, didst. — bdst, proV dst. — gdst, begg'dst. — ldst, 
gild' "st. — bldst, trembPdst. — didst, bridPdst. — fldst, tri- 
Jfdst. — gldst, mingVdst. — kldst, twinkV dst. — pldst, 
tramp? dst. — rldst, cur P dst. — sldst, rustVdst. — tldst, 
startP dst. — zldst, dazzVdst. — vldst, shovelVdst. — mdst, 
seem'dst. — rmdst, warm' dst. 



of the consonants. 4[) 

Exercise 195. 

Ndst, send'st. — fndst, deafen? dst. — kndst, hear- 
ken'dst. — ngdst, wrongfdst. — thndst, strengthen' dst. — 
rndst, turn? dst. — sndst, listen'dst. — zndst, reasorfdst. 
— vdst, lov 9 dst. — rvdst, sertfdst. — rdst, rewards. — 
hi, seoff'st. — lfst, ingulf'st. — mfst, triumph* st. — gst, 
begg'st. — ngst, bring 9 st. — ndzhst, r&ng'st. — ldzhst, in- 
dulgst. — rdzhst, urg?st. — kst, awak'st. — lkst, milk'st. 



Exercise 196. 

Ngkst, thank'st. — rkst, mark'st. — skst, bask'st. — 
thst, smoothest. — 1st, whilst. — blst, humbl'st. — dlst, 
fondPst. — ftst;ruffl? st. — gist, mingl'st. — klst, sparkPst. 
— plst, trampPst.- — rlst, tarPst. — slst, rastPst. — tlst, 
startPst. — vlst,shovelP st. — zlst, d&zzPst, — mst, seem'st. 
— lmst, whelm? st. — rmst, warm'st. — nst, canst. — knst, 
waken' st. 

Exercise 197. 

Pnst, sharpen' st. — rnst, return' st. — snst, listen' st. — 
thnst, lengthen' st. — znst, reason' st. — pst, hop'st. — lpst, 
help' st. — mpst, thump' st. — rpst, warp'st. — spst, lisp'st. 
— rst, worst. — tst, shout' st. — ftst, lift'st. — tshtst, 
touch' dst. — ktst, enact' st. — lktst, milk' dst. — rktst, lurk- 
'dst. — ltst, melt' st. — mtst, prompt' st. — ntst, wanfst. 



Exercise 198. 

Ptst, accept' st. — lptst, help' dst. — rtst, Avrt'st. — stst, 
enlist' st. — rstst, burst. st. — vst, lov'st. — lvst, resolv'st. 
— rvst, prese?'v'st. — 38 tht, betroth' d. — lv, twelve. — rv, 
nerve. — bz, sobs. — lbz, bulbs. — rbz, orbs. — dz, deeds. 
— ldz, fields. — rldz, worlds. — ndz, ends. — rdz, wards. 
— gz, hags. — rgz, icebergs. — lz, sails. — biz, troubles. 
— dlz, paddles. — flz, ruffles. — glz, eagles. 
5 



50 combinations of the coxnsonants. 

Exercise 199. 

Klz, sparkles.— plz, temples. — rlz, curls. — slz, mus- 
cles.—tizj titles.— viz, evils. — zlz, puzzles. — mz, times. 
— -Imz, overwhelms. — rmz, storms. — thmz, logarithms. 
— zmz, prisms.— nz, dens. — ngz, rings. — dnz, wardens. 

Exercise 200. 

Fnz, deafens.— knz, tokens.-— pnz, sharpens. — mz, 
morns. — snz, lessons. — thnz, strengthens. — tnz, mit- 
tens.—vnz, heavens. — znz, reasons. — rz, wars. — vz, 
gives. — lvz, shelves. — rvz, curves. — 39 thz, breathes. 



TO TEACHERS. 



In the preceding Exercises, one thing only was to be taught ; and, that 
the pupil's attention might not be diverted from the one thing, no regard 
was to be paid to the sense. In the following Lessons, which are de- 
signed to be read while the pupil is reviewing the Exercises, be certain 
that he fully understands the meaning of one extract before he proceeds 
to another. Such questions, growing out of the subject, as will be nat- 
urally suggested to the teacher, should be put to the class from time to 
time, while a pupil is reading, to fix their attention and cause them to 
think. But prescribed questions, printed at the beginning or end of each 
lesson, would be, as every practical teacher well knows, about as useful 
as a set of questions to a Dictionary. The Lessons should not be hurried 
over. Experience tells us to teach one thing at a time, and to do it 
thoroughly. 



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